Mobile sterilization apparatus and method for using the same

ABSTRACT

A mobile sterilization system comprising: a sterilization cabinet, the sterilization cabinet comprising: a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back panel and a door configured so as to define an interior chamber; a plurality of casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel, each of the plurality of casters or wheels being mounted to the bottom panel by a caster or wheel bracket, wherein the caster or wheel bracket comprises a lateral projection; perforations formed in at least one of the bottom panel, top panel and two side panels; and at least one filter configured to cover the perforations; and a transfer cart, the transfer cart comprising: an upper platform for receiving a sterilization cabinet, the upper platform comprising a pair of transfer cart tracks extending longitudinally along the upper platform, wherein each of the transfer cart tracks comprises a lateral projection; and a lower support structure for supporting the upper platform and for receiving wheels; wherein the sterilization cabinet is received on the transfer cart such that the lateral projections of the caster or wheel brackets engage the lateral projections of the transfer cart tracks, whereby to prevent side-to-side and up-and-down movement of the sterilization cabinet relative to the transfer cart.

REFERENCE TO PENDING PRIOR PATENT APPLICATIONS

This patent application claims benefit of:

(1) pending prior U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.61/950,502, filed Mar. 10, 2014 by PMBS, LLC and Michele Mauzerall etal. for MOBILE STERILIZATION APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR USING THE SAME(Attorney's Docket No. KEENAN-1 PROV); and

(2) pending prior U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/053,338, filed Sep. 22, 2014 by PMBS, LLC and Michele Mauzerall etal. for MOBILE STERILIZATION APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR USING THE SAME(Attorney's Docket No. KEENAN-2 PROV).

The two (2) above-identified patent applications are hereby incorporatedherein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to medical devices and procedures in general, andmore particularly to sterilization apparatus and procedures forsterilizing medical instruments and/or devices and maintaining sterilityuntil their intended use.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many medical procedures require the use of sterile instruments and/ordevices to perform the medical procedure. Providing sterile instrumentsand/or devices for these medical procedures is currently atime-consuming and expensive undertaking that requires, among otherthings, many man-hours, specialized equipment, etc.

In the past, hospitals (and/or other surgical facilities, e.g.,surgicenters, etc.) have used an instrument tray sterilization system,in which trays containing the required instruments and/or devices for agiven procedure are wrapped with a specially manufactured disposablewrap. The wrapped trays are then autoclaved and processed to themanufacturers' recommendations. The trays are then removed from theautoclave, allowed to cool, and then stored until the contents areneeded for a procedure. Prior to the use of the instruments and/ordevices, additional man-hours are expended to inspect the wraps so as toensure that there is no damage that might lead to the contents beingdeemed non-sterile.

In part to address some of the shortcomings discussed above, mobilesterilization cabinets have been introduced. FIGS. 1-3 show an exemplaryprior art mobile sterilization cabinet 5. Sterilization cabinet 5typically comprises a rectangular-shaped interior chamber 10 (FIG. 2)surrounded by a cabinet bottom 25, cabinet side walls 26, a cabinet backwall 27 and a cabinet top 40. Cabinet 5 may further comprise one or moredoors 30 to selectively open up or close off interior chamber 10 ofcabinet 5. See, for example, FIG. 2 which shows a cabinet 5 with onedoor 30 in the open position, and FIG. 3 which shows cabinet 5 with twodoors 30 in the closed position. Cabinet 5 may further comprise a gasket(not shown) at the interface of the door(s) and frame of cabinet 5 forsealing cabinet 5 when the door(s) is (are) closed.

Interior chamber 10 of cabinet 5 is preferably also equipped withshelves 45 for supporting surgical trays within chamber 10.

Furthermore, cabinet 5 comprises one or more vents 35 formed in thecabinet top 40 and/or cabinet bottom 25. Vent 35 is covered by a filter50, and a filter cover 55 holds filter 50 in place against vent 35.

In order to move cabinet 5 into an autoclave or into an operating roomor storage room, cabinet 5 comprises wheels 20 mounted directly tocabinet bottom 25.

In use, medical instruments and/or instrument trays are positioned onshelves 45, and the shelves are loaded into interior chamber 10 ofcabinet 5. Alternatively, shelves 45 may be loaded into cabinet 5 andthen the medical instruments and/or instrument trays positioned onshelves 45. Then the entire cabinet 5 is wheeled into an autoclave whichis subsequently activated. The hot air and steam generated by theautoclave is able to penetrate into interior chamber 10 of cabinet 5 byway of vents 35, thereby sterilizing cabinet 5 and its contents. At theend of the autoclaving cycle, cabinet 5 is removed from the autoclave,allowed to cool, and then moved to a storage space or directly to anoperating room or other space for use in connection with a medicalprocedure. Sterilized cabinet 5 is kept closed until such time that itscontents are required for a medical procedure. So long as cabinet 5 iskept closed, the contents will remain sterile, inasmuch as filters 50prevent the passage of contaminants through vents 35 into the interiorof the cabinet.

While the introduction of mobile sterilization cabinets has allowed forsignificant savings and efficiencies in hospital sterilizationprocedures, several shortcomings remain. For example, existing prior artcabinets can be difficult to maneuver into and out of an autoclave andcan be difficult to maneuver around a hospital (e.g., to a storage areaor an operating room).

Further, existing cabinets 5 can be difficult to store in increasinglycrowded hospitals where space is frequently at a premium. In addition,opening existing cabinets at the desired time can significantly expandthe footprint of the existing cabinets, inasmuch as space must beallocated to accommodate the swing radius of the door(s).

In addition, existing cabinets can sometimes retain water in the bottomof the cabinet at the end of the autoclave cycle. This is undesirablefor several reasons, one of which is that the water can serve as aconduit through which contaminants can be “pulled” (e.g., by a wickingaction, through a filter 50 in cabinet bottom 25 and into interiorchamber 10).

It can also be difficult for medical personnel to visually assess thecurrent status of existing cabinets or their contents. For example, itis difficult for personnel to know whether an existing cabinet that hasbeen autoclaved is still too hot to handle or whether it has cooled tothe point where it may be safely handled. Similarly, it can be difficultfor personnel to visually ascertain or verify the status and/orinventory of the contents inside of an existing cabinet without havingto open the cabinet and thereby violate the sterile field.

Additional shortcomings of existing cabinets include cumbersome interiorshelving, an inability to sufficiently isolate smaller areas within thecabinet, difficulty in accessing and changing filters, etc.

Still other deficiencies of existing cabinets are known to those skilledin the art.

Thus there is a need for a new and improved mobile sterilizationapparatus and method for sterilizing medical instruments and devices,storing the sterilized medical instruments and devices in a sterilecondition until use, and then delivering the sterilized medicalinstruments and devices to a location where a medical procedure will beperformed, that does not suffer from one or more of the disadvantagesassociated with the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a new and improved mobile sterilizationapparatus and method for sterilizing medical instruments and devices,for storing the sterilized medical instruments and devices in a sterilecondition until use, and then delivering the sterilized medicalinstruments and devices to a location where a medical procedure will beperformed.

In one preferred form of the invention, there is provided a mobilesterilization system comprising:

a sterilization cabinet, the sterilization cabinet comprising:

-   -   a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back panel and a        door configured so as to define an interior chamber;    -   a plurality of casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel,        each of the plurality of casters or wheels being mounted to the        bottom panel by a caster or wheel bracket, wherein the caster or        wheel bracket comprises a lateral projection;    -   perforations formed in at least one of the bottom panel, top        panel and two side panels; and    -   at least one filter configured to cover the perforations; and

a transfer cart, the transfer cart comprising:

-   -   an upper platform for receiving a sterilization cabinet, the        upper platform comprising a pair of transfer cart tracks        extending longitudinally along the upper platform, wherein each        of the transfer cart tracks comprises a lateral projection; and    -   a lower support structure for supporting the upper platform and        for receiving wheels;

wherein the sterilization cabinet is received on the transfer cart suchthat the lateral projections of the caster or wheel brackets engage thelateral projections of the transfer cart tracks, whereby to preventside-to-side and up-and-down movement of the sterilization cabinetrelative to the transfer cart.

In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided apparatusfor holding equipment to be sterilized and/or for storing sterilizedequipment, the apparatus comprising:

a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back panel and a doorconfigured so as to define an interior chamber;

a plurality of casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel;

a plurality of perforations formed in at least one of the bottom panel,top panel, two side panels and back panel;

at least one filter configured to cover said plurality of perforations;and

a drain formed in said bottom panel.

In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided apparatusfor holding equipment to be sterilized and/or for storing sterilizedequipment, the apparatus comprising:

a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back panel and a doorconfigured so as to define an interior chamber;

a plurality of casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel;

a plurality of perforations formed in at least one of the bottom panel,top panel, two side panels and back panel; and

at least one filter configured to cover said plurality of perforations;

wherein at least one of the bottom panel, top panel, two side panels,back panel and door comprise a see-through material.

In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided apparatusfor holding equipment to be sterilized and/or for storing sterilizedequipment, the apparatus comprising:

a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back panel and a doorconfigured so as to define an interior chamber;

a plurality of casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel;

a plurality of perforations formed in at least one of the bottom panel,top panel, two side panels and back panel;

at least one filter configured to cover the plurality of perforations;and

at least one filter port for receiving the filter, wherein the filterport comprises a pair of rails positioned along a periphery of theplurality of perforations, the rails being sized and disposed so as toslidably receive the filter and position the filter over theperforation.

In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided apparatusfor holding equipment to be sterilized and/or for storing sterilizedequipment, the apparatus comprising:

a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back panel and a doorconfigured so as to define an interior chamber;

a plurality of casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel;

a plurality of perforations formed in at least one of the bottom panel,top panel, two side panels and back panel;

a filter configured to cover the plurality of perforations; and

a perforated filter plate for securing the filter over the plurality ofperforations.

In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a methodof manufacturing an apparatus for holding equipment to be sterilizedand/or for storing sterilized equipment, the method comprising:

providing a bottom panel, a top panel, a left side panel, a right sidepanel, a back panel and a door;

securing the bottom panel, the top panel, the left side panel, the rightside panel and the back panel together with a seal therebetween so as toform a rectangular chamber having an opening for receiving the equipmentto be sterilized; and

mounting a door to at least one of the bottom panel, top panel, rightside panel and left side panel so as to close off the chamber.

In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided apparatusfor holding equipment to be sterilized and/or for storing sterilizedequipment, the apparatus comprising:

a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back panel and a doorconfigured so as to define an interior chamber;

a plurality of casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel;

a plurality of perforations formed in at least one of the bottom panel,top panel, side panels and back panel;

a filter configured to cover the plurality of perforations; and

a temperature indicator for indicating the temperature of the interiorchamber.

In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided apparatusfor holding equipment to be sterilized and/or for storing sterilizedequipment, the apparatus comprising:

a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back panel and a doorconfigured so as to define an interior chamber;

a plurality of casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel;

a plurality of perforations formed in at least one of the bottom panel,top panel, side panels and back panel;

a filter configured to cover the plurality of perforations;

wherein the interior chamber comprises at least two individualcompartments within the interior chamber, and further wherein eachindividual compartment comprises perforations formed in a wall of theindividual compartment and a filter configured to cover theperforations; and

at least two doors, each door being configured to selectively close offone of the individual compartments.

In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a methodfor sterilizing medical instruments, the method comprising:

providing a mobile sterilization system comprising:

-   -   a sterilization cabinet, the sterilization cabinet comprising:        -   a cabinet bottom, a cabinet top, cabinet side walls, a            cabinet back wall and a door configured so as to define an            interior chamber;        -   perforations formed in at least one of the cabinet bottom,            cabinet top and cabinet side walls; and        -   at least one filter configured to cover said perforations;            and    -   a transfer cart, the transfer cart comprising:        -   an upper platform for receiving a sterilization cabinet; and        -   a lower support structure for supporting the upper platform            and for receiving wheels;    -   wherein the sterilization cabinet is received on the transfer        cart;

positioning the medical instruments to be sterilized in thesterilization cabinet; and

sterilizing the medical instruments.

In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a mobilesterilization system comprising:

a sterilization cabinet, the sterilization cabinet comprising:

-   -   a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back panel and a        door configured so as to define an interior chamber;    -   a plurality of casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel;    -   perforations formed in at least one of the bottom panel, top        panel and two side panels; and    -   at least one filter configured to cover the perforations; and

a transfer cart, the transfer cart comprising:

-   -   an upper platform for receiving a sterilization cabinet, the        upper platform comprising a pair of railings adjustably mounted        to the upper platform, and further comprising adapters for        releasably securing the transfer cart to a support structure;        and    -   a lower platform for supporting the upper platform and for        receiving wheels;

wherein, when the pair of railings are secured to the support structureusing the adapters, the sterilization cabinet may be transferred fromthe transfer cart to the support structure.

In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided apparatusfor transporting a container along a surface, the apparatus comprising:

an upper platform for receiving the container, wherein the upperplatform comprises a locking mechanism for releasably securing thecontainer to the upper platform; and

a support structure for supporting the upper platform, the supportstructure comprising wheels for moving the support structure along thesurface;

wherein the support structure is configured to raise and lower the upperplatform relative to the surface.

In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided a filtercartridge for use in a sterilization cabinet, the filter cartridgecomprising:

a frame; and

at least one filter held by the frame;

wherein at least a portion of the filter cartridge is configured tochange color to indicate a status of the filter cartridge.

In another preferred form of the invention, there is provided apparatuscomprising:

a docking station for receiving a sterilization cabinet, the dockingstation comprising:

-   -   a frame;    -   a first platform mounted to the frame for receiving a        sterilization cabinet;    -   a second platform mounted to the frame for receiving additional        items to be sterilized; and    -   a plurality of casters or wheels mounted to the frame for        permitting the docking station to be moved along a surface;    -   wherein the docking station is sterilizable; and    -   wherein the docking station comprises a locking feature for        locking a transfer cart carrying a sterilization cabinet to the        frame while the sterilization cabinet is moved from the transfer        cart to the docking station.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other objects and features of the present invention will bemore fully disclosed or rendered obvious by the following detaileddescription of the preferred embodiments of the invention, which is tobe considered together with the accompanying drawings wherein likenumbers refer to like parts, and further wherein:

FIGS. 1-3 are schematic views showing a prior art mobile sterilizationcabinet;

FIGS. 4-6, 7A-7D and 8A-8D are schematic views showing a novel mobilesterilization system comprising a novel sterilization cabinet and anovel transfer cart;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a further embodiment of the novelsterilization cart of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the novelsterilization cart of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing an electronic control system of themobile sterilization system of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a universal transfer cart formed inaccordance with the present invention;

FIGS. 13-21, 22A, 22B, 23, 24, 25A and 25B are schematic views showingfurther details of the mobile sterilization system of the presentinvention;

FIG. 26 is a schematic view showing a novel sterilization cabinet formedwith multiple internal sterilization chambers;

FIG. 27 is a schematic view showing a status indicator feature of thesterilization cabinet of the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a schematic view showing a mobile sterilization systemcomprising external shelving;

FIGS. 29A-D and 30A-D are exploded schematic views of a novelsterilization cabinet formed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 30E is a schematic view of a novel docking station formed inaccordance with the present invention;

FIGS. 31-41 are photographs of an improved drain and filter assembly forthe sterilization cabinet of the present invention; and

FIGS. 42-45 are schematic views of the improved drain and filterassembly of FIGS. 31-41.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention provides a new and improved mobile sterilizationapparatus and method for sterilizing medical instruments and devices,for storing the sterilized medical instruments and devices in a sterilecondition until use, and then delivering the sterilized medicalinstruments and devices to a location where a medical procedure will beperformed.

Looking now at FIG. 4, there is shown a novel mobile sterilizationsystem 100 comprising a novel sterilization cabinet 105 and a noveltransfer cart 200.

Sterilization cabinet 105 typically comprises a rectangular-shapedinterior chamber 110 (FIG. 13) surrounded by a cabinet bottom 125,cabinet side walls 126, a cabinet back wall 127 and a cabinet top 140.Cabinet 105 may further comprise one or more doors 130 to selectivelyopen up or close off interior chamber 110 of cabinet 105. Cabinet 105may further comprise a gasket (not shown) at the interface of thedoor(s) and frame of cabinet 105 for sealing cabinet 105 when thedoor(s) are closed.

Interior chamber 110 of cabinet 105 is preferably also equipped withshelves 145 (FIG. 23) for supporting surgical trays or instruments, etc.within chamber 110.

Furthermore, cabinet 105 comprises one or more vents 135 formed in atleast one of the cabinet side walls 126, cabinet back wall 127, thecabinet top 140 and cabinet bottom 125. Vent 135 is covered by a filter150, and a filter cover 155 (FIG. 23) holds filter 150 in place overvent 135. Further details of sterilization cabinet 105 (e.g.,improvements to doors 130, filters 150, shelves 145, etc.) will bediscussed in further detail below.

In order to move sterilization cabinet 105 along a surface (e.g., alonga floor, along transfer cart 200, etc.), sterilization cabinet 105comprises a plurality of casters or wheels 160 (generally shown in thefigures in schematic form). In one preferred form of the invention,casters or wheels 160 are mounted to cabinet bottom 125, e.g., via awheel or caster bracket (see below) of the sort well known in the art.Note that casters or wheels 160 are not visible in a number of thefigures due to the angle of view of those figures, however, wheels orcasters 160 can be clearly seen in FIGS. 7C, 13, 22A, 22B, 23, 24, 25A,27, 29D, 30D, 36, 37, 39, 41, 43 and 44.

While sterilization cabinet 105 can be moved along a floor via itscasters or wheels 160, in many situations it can be desirable to movesterilization cabinet 105 on transfer cart 200, e.g., into an autoclaveor into an operating room or storage room.

More particularly, transfer cart 200 provides a platform upon whichsterilization cabinet 105 may be positioned for transport betweenlocations. By way of example but not limitation, transfer cart 200 maybe used to move sterilization cabinet 105 from one part of a facility toanother (e.g., a sterile processing department or an autoclave to anoperating room). In addition, and again by way of example but notlimitation, transfer cart 200 may be used to transfer sterilizationcabinet 105 into and out of storage, and/or to move sterilizationcabinet 105 into and out of an autoclave, and/or to move sterilizationcabinet 105 between facilities or hospital rooms.

Transfer cart 200 generally comprises an upper platform 205 (FIG. 4) forreceiving sterilization cabinet 105, a lower platform 210 to which amechanism (e.g., wheels) for moving the transfer cart between locationsis mounted. Vertical risers 215 extend between upper platform 205 andlower platform 210. Transfer cart 200 preferably also comprises a handle220 for maneuvering transfer cart 200 between locations.

Looking now at FIGS. 4 and 5, transfer cart 200 comprises swivelingcasters 225 for moving transfer cart 200 between locations. Casters 225may be adjusted between a swiveling condition and a non-swivelingcondition by way of easily-accessed, foot-operated pedal adjustment(s)on casters 225, or by way of adjustments performed from a handle 220. Inother words, a user is able to adjust casters 225 from a firstconfiguration wherein the casters are swivelable and a secondconfiguration wherein the casters 225 are locked against swiveling. Thisfeature allows a user to exercise additional control over transfer cart200 when it is being moved between locations. Casters 225 can also beanti-static as an added safety feature.

Preferably, transfer cart 200 may be provided with a compliantshock-absorbing suspension system that enables a smoother “ride” overvarying terrain and inclines as well as during shipping with, andwithout, instrument trays (loaded with medical instrumentation or othercontents) being positioned in sterilization cabinet 105.

By way of example but not limitation, mobile sterilization system 100may be transported fully loaded by remotely-located sterile processingcompanies to and from medical or other facilities that are sometimeshundreds of miles away from a remotely-located sterile processingfacility. The shock-absorbing suspension system allows for improvedsafety and security of the loaded medical instrument trays to limitpossible damage and/or displacement caused during transportation.

As shown in FIG. 5, a shock-absorbing suspension system may compriseshock-absorbing suspension springs 230 positioned on casters 225 and/orresilient springs 235 mounted between upper platform 205 and lowerplatform 210 in place of vertical risers 215.

Alternatively, vertical risers 215 may be formed in a telescopicconfiguration and resilient springs 235 may be disposed around and/orinside telescopic vertical risers 215. Resilient springs 235 are set soas to bias upper platform 205 and lower platform 210 away from oneanother, so as to provide shock absorption functionality for upperplatform 205 (and sterilization cabinet 105) when casters 225 encountera bump or some other surface abnormality that would cause a shock totransfer cart 200. Additional shock-absorbing springs 230 or resilientsprings 235 may be mounted to any other load-bearing parts of transfercart 200 so as to provide shock absorption during transportation ofmobile sterilization system 100.

Transfer cart 200 may also comprise a “dead man's” safety grip and/orauto-braking system. More particularly, and still looking at FIG. 5,there is shown a dead man's safety grip 240. Dead man's safety grip 240is connected (either electronically, mechanically or otherwise) to oneor more wheel brakes capable of preventing casters (or other wheels)from moving (not shown). In one form of the invention, the wheel brakesare configured so that their default position is with the brakes appliedto casters 225 of transfer cart 200, thereby prohibiting movement oftransfer cart 200. When dead man's safety grip 240 is actuated by auser, the wheel brakes are moved to a second configuration, whereby toallow the wheels to roll freely. Accordingly, the wheels (and, byextension, the transfer cart) are prevented from rolling unless deadman's safety grip 240 is actuated. This feature provides foolproofbraking during loading and unloading of sterilization cabinet 105 ontotransfer cart 200, and during loading and unloading of the contents ofsterilization cabinet 105.

Transfer cart 200 may also comprise a power assist mechanism 245 (FIG.4) which can be built into, or otherwise attached to, transfer cart 200.As shown in FIG. 5, power assist mechanism 245 may comprise a motorconfigured to drive casters 225 when a motor/servo power assist handleor other control (not shown) is actuated by a user (e.g., by turning thehandle, in the manner of a motorcycle throttle grip). Power assistmechanism 245 may assist in the transportation of heavier loads forlonger distances, on inclines and/or over uneven surfaces. Power assistmechanism 245 may drive the wheels either forward or in reverse.

In one embodiment, and looking now at FIG. 6, transfer cart 200 may beprovided with a mechanism for linking the transfer cart to one or moreother transfer carts 200 so that the transfer cart may be used to tow(or push) another transfer cart during transport between locations. Toeffectuate such linking capability, transfer cart 200 may be providedwith a male component 250 at one end of lower platform 210 of transfercart 200 and a female component 255 disposed at the opposite end oflower platform 210 of transfer cart 200, whereby to allow the male orfemale component of a given cart to be linked with the complementarymale or female component on another cart. One or both of male component250 and female component 255 can be retracted or folded under transfercart 200 when the transfer cart or tugging/linking feature is not inuse.

In one embodiment, transfer cart 200 may also be configured with bumpersand/or rollers 260 (FIG. 7A) to protect transfer cart 200 and/or otherobjects, and to otherwise facilitate movement of transfer cart 200 fromone location to another (e.g., during transportation through a hospitalhallway).

Looking now at FIGS. 7A-7D, transfer cart 200 is preferably releasablysecured to cabinet 105 by a combination of complimentarily configuredtracks or rails and a locking latch or similar device.

Preferably, transfer cart 200 is provided with an improved safetyfeature of interlocking tracks or rails to catch interlocking casterbrackets (which mount to casters or wheels 160 to cabinet 105). Moreparticularly, lips 265 extend inboard from a pair of transfer carttracks or rails 270, which themselves extend upward from a side or topsurface of upper platform 205 of transfer cart 200 (i.e., with one trackor rail 270 extending along each side of transfer cart 200). Lips 265are configured to slidably engage elongated projection 165 of cabinetcaster or wheel bracket 170 so as to prevent sterilization cabinet 105from moving either laterally (i.e., side-to-side), or up-and-down, withrespect to transfer cart 200 while cabinet 105 is positioned on transfercart 200.

Transfer cart 200 and sterilization cabinet 105 are preferably formed soas to provide autolocking features to keep cabinet 105 secured totransfer cart 200. More particularly, and looking now at FIGS. 7A and7B, transfer cart 200 may be configured with a center locking latch 275that is mounted to upper platform 205 of transfer cart 200. Centerlocking latch 275 may be configured to receive a bar 175 which extendsacross the bottom of sterilization cabinet 105 such that, after bar 175is received by latch 275, sterilization cabinet 105 is prohibited frommoving forward or backward with respect to transfer cart 200.

Transfer cart 200 is preferably configured so as to be “universal” byproviding railings and attachments that are adjustable so as to be ableto accommodate the dimensions of different sterilization cabinets orother cargo, and/or the dimensions of different destinations ofsterilization cabinet 105 (e.g., different autoclaves or storage racks).

More particularly, and looking now at FIGS. 8A-8D, transfer cart 200 maybe configured with universal railings 280 which are of adjustable widthalong directional arrow 1 or 3 shown in FIG. 8A, and a detachableadapter 285 which is also configured to be of adjustable width.Adjustable rails 280 and adapter 285 may be fit together, such as in themale/female configuration shown in FIG. 8B, so as to allow for a smoothsurface for the transfer of sterilization cabinet 105 from transfer cart200 to a destination (e.g., a storage rack, autoclave, etc.). The widthof universal rails 210 and adapter 285 is determined at least in part byreference to the width of the corresponding features at the destination(e.g., it may be determined by the width of a storage rack or therelevant components of an autoclave).

Adapter 285 may be configured to extend straight out above upperplatform 205 (such as is shown in FIG. 8A), or to fold down (such as isshown in FIGS. 8C and 8D) so as to not protrude at the end of transfercart 200. Alternatively, adapter 285 may be configured so as to beentirely removable from the transfer cart. Where detachable adapter 285is configured to be removable from transfer cart 200, adapter 285 may befurther configured to be stowed in an unobtrusive location on transfercart 200, or it may be configured to be stored near a destinationlocation for ready use.

The universal fit feature described above improves production capacity,lowers cost, and enhances the ease and safety of moving mobilesterilization system 100 (e.g., through hospital hallways). When adapter285 is removed and/or folded away (such as shown in FIGS. 8C and 8D), ablunt-nosed, shorter and less dangerous cart front is presented at thefront end of mobile sterilization system 100. As discussed previously,adapter 215 may either stay with each transfer cart 200 as a folding orstowable component or it may be left at a desired destination (e.g., ina sterile processing department to be stored adjacent to the autoclaveor next to a storage rack or rack system).

In another embodiment of the present invention, an alternative transfercart is provided which is capable of being vertically adjusted so as toraise and lower the upper platform of a transfer cart (and, in turn, asterilization cabinet 105 secured to the upper platform) in order tomeet the needs of a user. By way of example, the upper platform of thetransfer cart can be lowered for easier visibility during transportationbetween locations, and then raised to a desired height when thesterilization cabinet is opened at a desired location.

The vertically-adjustable transfer cart may be raised and loweredmechanically (e.g., such with a scissor lift, as will be discussed infurther detail below), electronically, hydraulically, pneumatically, bya battery-operated power device, or by some other appropriate means.

To this end, and looking now at FIG. 9, a vertically-adjustable transfercart 300 is provided.

Vertically-adjustable transfer cart 300 is generally similar to transfercart 200 discussed above, except that vertical risers 215 and lowerplatform 210 are replaced by a scissor lift 315 having an upper end 320and a lower end 325.

Sterilization cabinet 105 is configured to be secured to upper platform305 of transfer cart 300 in the same manner discussed above. Scissorlift 315 is connected to upper platform 305 at its upper end 320 and towheels 330 at its lower end 325 for moving the transfer cart betweenlocations.

In accordance with this aspect of the invention, scissor lift 315 may beactuated so as to enable upper platform 305 to be lowered until it issubstantially flush with the floor.

In another embodiment of the present invention, and looking now at FIG.10, a vertically-adjustable transfer cart 400 is provided. Transfer cart400 is generally similar to transfer cart 200 discussed above, exceptthat vertical risers 215 are replaced by a scissor lift 415 having anupper end 420 and a lower end 425.

More particularly, transfer cart 400 comprises an upper platform 405which is configured to be secured to sterilization cabinet 105 asdiscussed above, a lower platform 410 and a scissor lift 415 extendingbetween upper platform 405 and lower platform 410.

Actuation of scissor lift 415 in this embodiment will move upperplatform 405 up and down, as described above, however, upper platform405 is not lowered all the way to ground level (i.e., it is lowered tothe level of lower platform 410). This embodiment can provide additionalstability for transfer cart 400.

Scissor lifts 315 and 415 of transfer carts 300 and 400, respectively,may be actuated (i.e., raised and lowered) by a lift mechanism that canbe a mechanical hand-crank or hydraulic or pneumatic hand-pump, or whichmay be power-assisted (mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) viaelectric or battery operation.

In addition, transfer carts 300 and 400 may comprise an electroniccontrol system (such as that shown in FIG. 11 and discussed in moredetail below) which may allow a user to pre-program specific heightsinto the electronic control system, which will direct the transfer cartto assume a desired height (e.g., for loading the sterilization cabinetinto a particular autoclave, or a preferred height for operating room orsterile processing department staff who will unload, load or transportthe sterilization cabinet). This feature allows for height adjustments,thereby providing ergonomic benefits without compromising the sterilefield on account of the nurse or scrub technician's physical stature.

An additional benefit of the height adjustment feature described aboveis that the sterilization cabinet can be lowered to allow for betterline of sight over the top of the cabinet during transportation and toprovide a lower center of gravity so as to reduce the possibility oftipping. The pre-programmed heights may be set by the user as discussedabove.

Looking now at FIG. 11, the transfer cart of the present invention(e.g., transfer carts 200, 300 and 400) may also be provided with anelectronic control system 290 for tracking and/or identifying thetransfer cart and the contents of sterilization cabinet 105.

More particularly, electronic control system 290 of the transfer cart ofthe present invention preferably has the ability to be electronicallytraced with a LOJACK®-like device, or a similar tracing-type system. Inother words, the location of the transfer cart (e.g., building, floor,room) may be remotely monitored by use of a global positioning system(GPS), radio-frequency identification (RFID), or other location-trackingdevice.

In addition, electronic control system 290 may use RFID, or otheridentification technology, to identify a particular sterilizationcabinet 105, the contents of that sterilization cabinet 105 (e.g., traysor instruments), its location, current temperature, and/or sterilizationstatus (e.g., pre- or post-sterilization, sterile or non-sterile, etc.).Electronic control system 290 may also provide additional informationsuch as date, operator, cycles, cycle type, and contents insidesterilization cabinet 105, among other things.

The information provided by electronic control system 290 may bedisplayed on a screen to a user, or audibly delivered through a speakerto a user.

Looking now at FIG. 12, a universal transfer cart 500 is provided.Universal transfer cart 500 may act as a transfer cart for otherapparatus (e.g., an interchangeable case cart component 505 for holdinginstrument trays, but not sterilizing instrument trays) in addition toacting as a transfer cart for sterilization cabinet 105. Sterilizationcabinets and case cart components can be vertically stacked on storageracking systems, e.g., up to 4 cabinets high. See, for example, FIG. 20,which shows (schematically) two sterilization cabinets 105 verticallystacked on top of one another.

Looking now at FIGS. 13-27, additional features of sterilization cabinet105 will now be discussed in further detail.

In a preferred form of the present invention, door 130 can be providedin a variety of configurations in order to minimize the footprint neededwhen access to the interior of sterilization cabinet chamber 105 isrequired.

In one embodiment of the present invention, and looking now at FIG. 13,door 130 can be hinged to one side of sterilization cabinet 105 andopened 180 degrees.

In another embodiment of the present invention, and looking now at FIG.14, door 130 can be mounted to cabinet side wall 126 with hinges 180 soas to allow door 130 to open 270 degrees. If desired, door 130 and sidewall 126 may be equipped with apparatus (e.g., a “hook and mesh”fastener, such as a Velcro™ fastener) so as to allow door 130 to bereleasably secured to side wall 126 of cabinet 105 in order to keep theopen door proximate to (and roughly parallel to) side wall 126 ofcabinet 105, thereby reducing the overall footprint of cabinet 105 whendoor 130 is open.

In another embodiment of the present invention, and looking now at FIG.15, door 130 can comprise a pair of French doors 130, with a gasket orother sealing closure in the middle of, and around, each door 130 (notshown), and with both French doors 130 optionally being configured to beopened and releasably attached to the side of the cabinet in the mannerdescribed above.

In still another embodiment of the invention, and looking now at FIGS.16 and 17, door 130 can be opened and slid down (as in FIG. 16) or up(as in FIG. 17) along an internal or external track (not shown)positioned along the left and/or right side walls 126 of sterilizationcabinet 105. Alternatively, door 130 may be swung over the top ofsterilization cabinet 105 (not shown).

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, and looking now atFIG. 18, door 130 may comprise one or more bi-fold door(s) 130 which maybe opened (and folded away) so as to expose interior chamber 110. In onepreferred form of the invention, bi-fold door(s) 130 are constructed sothat they may be folded back 270 degrees (e.g., in the manner describedabove) so that door(s) 130 may be positioned approximately parallel toside wall 126 of sterilization cabinet 105. Additionally, bi-folddoor(s) 130 and side walls 126 are preferably constructed so as to allowdoor(s) 130 to be releasably secured to side walls 126 (e.g., with a“hook and mesh” fastener, e.g., a Velcro™ fastener) when door(s) 130 arefolded back against side walls 126.

In another form of the present invention, the sterilization cabinet canhave a dome closing top (not shown) rather than a door, i.e., the top ofthe sterilizable cabinet can move upward to expose the contents of thesterilization cabinet. The shape of the dome top is generally configuredto allow for an airtight fit around the sterilization cabinet.Accordingly, the dome top may be any shape that allows it to be properlyfit over the top of the frame of sterilization cabinet 110. In thisembodiment, the dome top can be lifted (e.g., manually, mechanically,with electronic assist, etc.) to expose the contents of sterilizationcabinet 105. If desired, the dome top may be formed of a transparentmaterial so as to allow full visibility of the contents withinsterilization cabinet 105.

In still another form of the present invention, and looking now at FIG.19, sterilization cabinet 110 may comprise a frame wherein back wall127, side walls 126 and door(s) 130 can be loosened from frame 185 andslid down along internal or external tracks to the outside of thetransfer cart 200. In this embodiment of the invention, handle 220 oftransfer cart 200 may be removable so as to facilitate the smoothsliding of the side walls and/or door along the tracks.

In another preferred form of the present invention, means may beprovided to enable a user to assess the contents of the sterilizationcabinet without having to open the door of the sterilization cabinet.

More particularly, the entire sterilization cabinet 105 may be formedout of a transparent material (e.g., glass, a transparent polymer, etc.)so as to provide visibility to the contents within the sterilizationcabinet. See, for example, FIG. 20, which shows a transparentsterilization container 105 positioned on top of transfer cart 200, anda second non-transparent sterilization container 105 positioned on topof transparent sterilization container 105.

In another embodiment, and looking now at FIG. 21, sterilization cabinet105 may be provided with one or more windows 190 (or “oven doors”)located on one or more of the side walls 126, back wall 127 or door(s)130 of sterilization cabinet 105. This allows for visibility into thecabinet to ascertain the contents of the cabinet and whether all of thedesired equipment and instruments are enclosed.

If desired, the entire cabinet or window(s) 190 may be formed of a hightemperature polycarbonate material and/or a “switchable” smartglass/film that changes from clear to opaque and/or another suitablematerial (e.g., to indicate a “sterile” or “non-sterile” state).

In another form of the present invention, an improved filter and filterport is provided in order to improve access to the filter for replacing,or otherwise accessing, the filter. Looking now at FIGS. 22A and 22B,sterilization cabinet 105 may be provided with filter ports 152 that areaccessible from the outside of the cabinet, thereby allowing for easieraccess to check and change filters 150 (e.g., easier than with filtercover 155). By way of example but not limitation, externally accessiblefilter port 152 may comprise a drawer-type access shelf for slidablyreceiving filters 150 and positioning the filter over vent 135. Afterbeing slidably placed in the desired position over vent 135 in filterport 152, filters 150 may be held in place by a locking bar 154 whichcontrols a cam mechanism 156 (which releasably locks filters 150 inplace).

Filter 150 may comprise cardboard, filter cassettes, reusable carbonfilters or other filter materials and constructions known in the art.Filter 150 may also be a bi-layer filter created by sewing, gluing,encasing, crimping or pressing two layers of filter material togetherand forming to a desired size.

Filter 150 may also be configured to change color to convey informationconcerning their status (e.g., a first color may indicate that a filteris suitable for use, while a second color may indicate that a filtershould not be used and should be replaced, etc.). Thus, in one preferredform of the invention, the filter is manufactured using a process thatincorporates chemical(s) into or onto the filter (in whatever patterndesired, including one requested by the customer) that will change colorafter the sterilization cabinet has been sterilized (as long as thesterilization process met certain predetermined parameters). In otherwords, the filters themselves become a Class 5 status indicator inaddition to all of the other indicators which may be used during thesterilization process. This type of filter is a great improvement overthe filters currently available on the market, as it provides afail-safe mechanism to ensure that single use disposable filters areused only once. It also enables the operating room staff to visuallyconfirm that the process has been accomplished by a quick glance at thelarge filter material.

Filters 150 may also be used for purposes other than in conjunction withan existing sterilization cabinet and/or mobile sterilization system100.

In some applications of the present invention, it may be appropriate tonot use any filters with the cabinets.

Looking again at FIG. 13, sterilization cabinet 105 may have a drain 195positioned in the cabinet floor 125 to allow for the removal of waterthat may have accumulated within the cabinet during the sterilizationprocess. In this construction, drain 195 is placed at the lowest pointin the bottom of sterilization cabinet 110. Preferably, bottom panel 125is designed with a pitch to the lowest point in the panel, whether inthe middle of the panel or along one side of the panel or in a corner ofthe panel. One or more drains may be used in each cabinet.

If desired, drain 195 may be thermostatically-controlled. In this formof the invention, drain 195 may be formed with a so-called “bimetallic”construction, e.g., a shape memory alloy such as Nitinol which canchange configuration in response to temperature changes. By way ofexample but not limitation, drain 195 may be configured to open when thetemperature within the sterilization cabinet is higher in order torelease the excess water created during the sterilization process, andto close when the temperature within the sterilization cabinet is lowerso as to seal the sterilization cabinet from potential containments.

In another embodiment, drain 195 may be configured to open and closedepending on the pressure level within the sterilization cabinet. By wayof example but not limitation, drain 195 may be configured to open whenthe pressure within the sterilization cabinet is within a certain levelin order to release the excess water created during the sterilizationprocess, and to close when the pressure within the sterilization cabinetis within a certain level so as to seal the sterilization cabinet frompotential containments.

In still another embodiment, drain 195 may be configured to open andclose depending on the amount of time that has lapsed since thesterilization process. By way of example but not limitation, drain 195may be configured to open during the time it takes to sterilize thecontents of the sterilization cabinet in order to release the excesswater created during the sterilization process, and to close after thecontents of the sterilization cabinet have been sterilized so as to sealthe sterilization cabinet from potential containments.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, sterilization cabinet110 comprises improved shelf management options so as to provide lesscumbersome interior shelving than prior art sterilization cabinets.

More particularly, and looking now at FIG. 23, sterilization cabinet 105may be configured with “wrinkle walls” or stamped walls 146 for ease ofremoving and replacing shelves 145 at multiple heights without the needfor adjusting clips within the cabinet. In this aspect of the invention,shelves 145 are adjustable into varying height positions, whichadjustments may preferably be accomplished with one hand (e.g., throughthe use of “squeeze and release” shelving or other similaralternatives).

Alternatively, and looking now at FIG. 24, shelving supports 147 may bebolted to cabinet 110 so as to support shelves 145.

In still another aspect of the invention, and looking now at FIGS. 25Aand 25B, shelves 145 may be attached to shelving supports 147 byspring-loaded pegs 148.

In another embodiment, drawer-style shelves may also be used (notshown). In addition, the shelves may be constructed of various materialswhich may aid in the sterilization process and/or provide otheradvantages (e.g., the shelves may be formed of aluminum for better heattransfer, or may be formed of materials that are less expensive, etc.).

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a sterilizationcabinet which has the ability to isolate smaller areas inside of thesterilization cabinet.

More particularly, and looking now at FIG. 26, sterilization cabinet 105is configured so as to provide multiple chambers 110 within cabinet 105.More particularly, in this form of the invention, sterilization cabinet105 comprises separate individual chambers 110, each of which areaccessible by a separate door 130. Preferably, each chamber 110 isprovided with its own vent 135 and filter 150 to allow for steam or heatpenetration during the sterilization process. In addition, eachindividual chamber 110 may have a sterile/unsterile indicator 197 (ofthe same or a similar type as will be described in greater detail below)to indicate the sterile/non-sterile condition of that compartment.

Compartmentalization provides the option of the contents of the severalchambers 110 being used in different procedures. In other words, allchambers 110 and their contents can be sterilized at the same time, andthen the contents of individual chambers 110 can be used withoutcompromising the sterility of the other chambers 110 or their contents.By way of example but not limitation, four trays (placed in one or morechambers 110) can be brought to an operating room for a “4 trayprocedure” (i.e., a medical procedure requiring those four trays ofsterilized medical instruments), and another eight trays placed in aseparate set of chambers within the same sterilization cabinet 105 canbe brought to a second operating room for an “8 tray procedure” (i.e., amedical procedure requiring those eight trays of sterilized medicalinstruments). Compartmentalized sterilization cabinet 105, incombination with transfer cart 200, can thus serve as a delivery systemfor more than one medical procedure, providing several efficienciesincluding, but not limited to, requiring fewer staff to deliver thesterile trays and requiring less equipment to deliver the trays to thedesired location.

In addition to the foregoing, sterilization cabinet 105 may be providedwith additional features for assisting in the determination of thecompletion of the sterile processing or for providing additionalinformation about the status of the cabinet (e.g., whether thesterilization cabinet is too hot to open).

By way of example but not limitation, such additional features mayinclude indicators on the windows or panels of the cabinet that changecolor after sterile processing of the cabinet and then change back afterthe cabinet is opened (and hence rendered non-sterile).

In addition, and looking now at FIG. 27, an external indicator 197positioned on the cabinet itself may indicate when the cabinet is toohot to touch (e.g., by “lighting up” or otherwise making the “hot”indicator more visually prominent than the “cold” indicator) and/ormaking the “hot” indicator less visually apparent when the cabinet hasreached appropriate handling temperature. Similarly, another indicator198 may indicate whether the door of the cabinet has been opened (e.g.,by “lighting up” or otherwise making the “UNSTERILE” indicator morevisually prominent than the “STERILE” indicator). The indicators mayalso provide other information to a user in the manner described above(e.g., whether the door has been “OPENED” or has remained “CLOSED”).

Sterilization Cabinet Sizing and Configurations

Sterilization cabinet 105 can be fabricated in many sizes including, butnot limited to, sterilization cabinets that can be specifically sized toreceive four trays, or eight trays, or nine trays, or twelve trays, etc.

Furthermore, and looking now at FIG. 28, each size cabinet can also bemanufactured with separate external shelving 600 positioned on theexterior of one or more side walls 126 for maximizing space usage (e.g.,in the autoclave chamber for each cycle in the autoclave). Externalshelving 600 can accommodate additional trays of wrapped instruments orrigid containers and is attachable to cabinet 105 for easy unloadingwhen the cycle is completed. External shelves 600 may be individuallymounted to the outside of cabinet 105 (as in the case of externalshelving 600). Alternatively, the external shelves can take the form ofa rack 650 which can be removably attached (e.g., clipped to) a sidewall 126 of sterilization cabinet 105. Each shelving unit may come withits own transfer cart according to the size needed, and all shelves maybe compactible or foldable for easy storage when not in use.

Construction Materials

Sterilization cabinet 105 has many options with respect to the rawmaterials for cabinet production. In one preferred form of theinvention, sterilization cabinet 105 may be manufactured out ofstainless steel. However, it should be appreciated that sterilizationcabinet 105 can also be manufactured out of various materials inaddition to stainless steel, including but not limited to aluminum(which may allow for a lighter version of the product and the potentialfor multiple color options during anodizing), or a polymer.

If desired, door handle 132, deadman's safety grip 240 and any othersurfaces that may be handled in order to move mobile sterilizationsystem 100 may be covered with a disposable sanitary wrap or film inaccordance with sterile procedures.

Alternative Configurations

Sterilization cabinet 105 can also be configured to be used as a “backtable” during a medical procedure. More particularly, once thesterilization cabinet is opened (e.g., via either the doorconfigurations discussed above, and/or the dome top discussed above,etc.), the shelves can be displayed to the user using a “toolbox” or“tackle box” design, swinging shelves, or movable shelf system, therebyallowing easy access to all of the inner trays.

Manufacturing Technique

Looking now at FIG. 29, there is shown an exploded diagram of anembodiment of sterilization cabinet 105 which is “bolted together”around an internal frame. More particularly, sterilization cabinet 105may comprise a frame 112, and side walls 126, rear wall 127, top wall140 and bottom wall 125 may be attached to frame 112 to form interiorchamber 110 of cabinet 105. Each of the walls may be attached to frame112 by bolts 113 or other suitable means. A sealant 114 or O-ring typeseal (not shown) may be placed at the interface of frame 112 and betweeneach of the walls so as to ensure an air-tight seal.

In another embodiment of the present invention, and looking now at FIG.30, each of the walls of sterilization cabinet 105 may be boltedtogether without a frame. In this embodiment, each of the side, back,top and bottom panels are attached to one another with bolts 113, with alayer of sealant 114 being applied to the interface between each of thepanels.

The embodiments of the invention shown in FIGS. 29 and 30 may provideadditional advantages including, but not limited to, reduced shippingcosts, inasmuch as the disassembled sterilization cabinet could beshipped in a smaller shipping container (e.g., with the top, bottom,side and back panels and door(s) lying flat against one another). Thesterilization cabinet can then be assembled on-site by appropriatelytrained personnel, who could then verify proper assembly (including anair tight seal) by biological testing methods well known to those in theart.

Docking Station

Mobile sterilization system 100 may also be configured for use with anoptional docking station.

Looking now at FIG. 30E, docking station 700 comprises a frame 705 andwheels 715. The frame 705 provides a space 720 for receiving one or moresterilization cabinets 105. Docking station 700 preferably alsocomprises shelves 725 (which can receive additional sterilizableinstrument containers). Docking station 700 is itself sterilizable andmay be placed directly in an autoclave.

In one preferred form of the invention, transfer cart 200 and dockingstation 700 are configured to be releasably secured to one another. Inthis form of the invention, a user may bring transfer cart 200 (carryingsterilization cabinet 105) up to docking station 700 and then releasablysecure transfer cart 200 to docking station 700 (or otherwise ensurethat neither transfer cart 200 nor docking station 700 will move duringtransfer of sterilization cabinet 105 from transfer cart 200 to dockingstation 700); cabinet 105 may then be easily moved from transfer cart200 onto docking station 700. Transfer cart 200 may then be detachedfrom docking station 700 and docking station 700 (and its passengercontainers) moved into the autoclave for sterilization.

Some advantages of using docking station 700 in conjunction with mobilesterilization system 100 include but are not limited to: (i) moreefficient use of autoclave space inasmuch as the sterilization cabinet110 may be placed on docking station 700 which is also loaded withadditional containers requiring sterilization; and (ii) freeing uptransfer cart 200 for other uses after sterilization cabinet 105 istransferred from transfer cart 200 to docking station 700.

In this respect it should be noted that, in some forms of the invention,transfer cart 200 is not intended to be sterilizable (e.g., wheretransfer cart 200 carries heat- and moisture-sensitive components suchas electronics, etc.).

Improved Condensation Drain and Filter Ports

In still another form of the present invention, an improved condensationdrain and filter port is provided for significantly enhancing theperformance of sterilization cabinet 105.

More particularly, it has been discovered that the removal of condensatefrom a sterilization cabinet in its liquid form (as opposed to byevaporation) significantly enhances the performance of a sterilizationcabinet. It has been found that steam used during the sterilizationprocess generates a substantial amount of condensate (i.e., liquidwater) during the sterilization process. The condensate flows by gravityto the lowest point of the sterilization cabinet. During the dryingphase of the sterilization process, a vacuum acts on the autoclavechamber. As the pressure of sterilization cabinet is equalizing withthat of the autoclave, the condensation is pulled through a drain (moreparticularly described below) disposed at the lowest point of thesterilization cabinet and out of sterilization cabinet.

More particularly, in another preferred embodiment of the invention, andlooking now at FIGS. 31-45, there is provided an improved drain 800configured to allow condensate to escape sterilization cabinet 105without compromising its sterility. Drain 800 is disposed at the lowestpoint in bottom wall 125 of sterilization cabinet 105. Preferably,sterilization cabinet 105 comprises a pitched floor so that anycondensate is directed by gravity to the lowest point in bottom wall125.

Drain 800 comprises a recess 805 formed below the lowest point in bottomwall 125 of sterilization cabinet 105. Configuring the drain in thismanner prevents any residual moisture from remaining in cabinet 105.Recess 805 may be formed of thick stainless steel or other material soas to retain heat and enhance evaporation of any condensate that hasflowed into recess 805.

Drain 800 preferably comprises a grill plate/screened floor 810 disposedover recess 805. Grill plate/screened floor 810 provides a rigidplatform to support a filter (as is more particularly described below).Grill plate/screened floor 810 is permeable so as to allow condensate topass through it. A filter 815 is disposed on top of grill plate/screenedfloor 810. Filter 815 is configured so as to allow condensate to passthrough it and out of sterilization cabinet 105 while preventingcontaminants from entering sterilization cabinet 105.

A rigid filter door 820 is disposed across recess 805 and on top offilter 815, thereby capturing filter 815 between filter door 820 andgrill plate/screened floor 810. Filter door 820 comprises perforations825 to allow condensate to pass from sterilization cabinet 105 throughfilter door 820. Filter door 820 is also formed with handle 830, whichis held in place by handle brackets 835. Handle 830 allows a user toeasily remove filter door 820 (as described below) so as to provideaccess to filter 815 so that filter 815 may be changed as required.Filter 815 may be changed by removing filter door 820 by twisting handle830 out from under handle brackets 835.

One or more gaskets (not shown) may be placed against one or more sidesof filter 815 (e.g., between filter door 820 and filter 815, and/orbetween filter 815 and grill plate/screened floor 810) so as to form aseal to prevent the passage of microbial contamination.

In addition to the foregoing, it has also been discovered that it may beadvantageous to configure sterilization cabinet 105 with improved filterports 900 (FIG. 36) disposed in the side wall 126 of sterilizationcabinet 105 (in lieu of or in addition to other locations) to allow forimproved steam penetration and airflow and to provide an improvedvent-to-volume ratio. Filter ports 900 may be configured to be circularportals in the panels of sterilization cabinet 105. Filter ports 900 arecovered with circular plates 905 so as to allow for a single point ofattachment 910 (e.g., at the center of the circle) and for an evencompression of filter gaskets (more particularly described below).

Filter ports 900 comprise a filter 915 and a plate 905 havingperforations 920, with filter 915 and plate 905 being mounted to theoutside of sterilization cabinet 105, or mounted to the inside ofsterilization cabinet 105, in alignment with perforations formed in theside panels of sterilization cabinet 105. Perforations 920 allow for thepassage of steam into and out of the sterilization cabinet 105. One ormore filters 915 are positioned intermediate the circular plate 905 andcabinet 105 and prevent the passage of microbial contaminationtherethrough.

Circular plates 905 are provided with gaskets (not shown) so as tocreate an effective seal between plate 905 and filter 915. Plates 905are also provided with a twist handle (not shown) which allows for plate905 to be locked into place and for easy removal when a change of filter915 is required.

In one preferred form of the invention, filter 915 is disposedintermediate plate 905 and the outside of a side panel of sterilizationcabinet 105 so as to allow filter 915 to be accessed from the outside ofsterilization cabinet 105. In another preferred form of the invention,filter 915 is disposed intermediate plate 905 and the inside of a panelof sterilization cabinet 105 so as to allow filter 915 to be accessedfrom the inside of sterilization cabinet 105 for added filterprotection. Filter ports 900 may also be provided with covers (notshown) to prevent damage during transportation.

Filter ports 900 and the components thereof are more consistent with thedesign of other rigid containers in the marketplace, thereby allowingfor a crossover of intuitive training and also for a preferredmanufacturing process.

Modifications

It should also be understood that many additional changes in thedetails, materials, steps and arrangements of parts, which have beenherein described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of thepresent invention, may be made by those skilled in the art while stillremaining within the principles and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A mobile sterilization system comprising: asterilization cabinet, the sterilization cabinet comprising: a bottompanel, a top panel, two side panels, a back panel and a door configuredso as to define an interior chamber; a plurality of casters or wheelsmounted to the bottom panel, each of the plurality of casters or wheelsbeing mounted to the bottom panel by a caster or wheel bracket, whereinthe caster or wheel bracket comprises a lateral projection; perforationsformed in at least one of the bottom panel, top panel and two sidepanels; and at least one filter configured to cover the perforations;and a transfer cart, the transfer cart comprising: an upper platform forreceiving a sterilization cabinet, the upper platform comprising a pairof transfer cart tracks extending longitudinally along the upperplatform, wherein each of the transfer cart tracks comprises a lateralprojection; and a lower support structure for supporting the upperplatform and for receiving wheels; wherein the sterilization cabinet isreceived on the transfer cart such that the lateral projections of thecaster or wheel brackets engage the lateral projections of the transfercart tracks, whereby to prevent side-to-side and up-and-down movement ofthe sterilization cabinet relative to the transfer cart.
 2. A mobilesterilization system according to claim 1 wherein the door of thesterilization cabinet is mounted to at least one side panel of thecabinet so as to allow the door to open 180 degrees.
 3. A mobilesterilization system according to claim 1 wherein the door of thesterilization cabinet is mounted to at least one side panel of thesterilization cabinet so as to allow the door to open 270 degrees.
 4. Amobile sterilization system according to claim 3 further comprisingapparatus so as to allow the door to be releasably secured in an openposition.
 5. A mobile sterilization system according to claim 1 whereinthe door may be opened by sliding the door up or down along tracksformed in the sterilization cabinet.
 6. A mobile sterilization systemaccording to claim 1 wherein the door comprises at least one bi-folddoor.
 7. A mobile sterilization system according to claim 1 wherein thesterilization cabinet comprises at least one drain formed in the bottompanel of the sterilization cabinet.
 8. A mobile sterilization systemaccording to claim 7 wherein the at least one drain is configured toopen and close as a function of at least one from the group consistingof temperature, pressure and time.
 9. A mobile sterilization systemaccording to claim 7 wherein the at least one drain comprises a grateand a screen, and wherein a filter is captured between the grate and thescreen.
 10. A mobile sterilization system according to claim 1 whereinthe sterilization cabinet comprises at least two individual compartmentswithin the interior chamber, and further wherein each individualcompartment comprises perforations formed in a wall of the individualcompartment and a filter configured to cover the perforations.
 11. Amobile sterilization system according to claim 10 wherein each of theindividual compartments comprises its own door.
 12. A mobilesterilization system according to claim 1 wherein at least one of thesterilization bottom panel, top panel, two side panels, back panel andcabinet door comprise a see-through material.
 13. A mobile sterilizationsystem according to claim 1 wherein the sterilization cabinet comprisesa status indicator which provides information about the status of thesterilization cabinet or the contents of the sterilization cabinet. 14.A mobile sterilization system according to claim 1 wherein the lowersupport structure of the transfer cart comprises a lower platform whichis separated from the upper platform by vertical risers.
 15. A mobilesterilization system according to claim 14 wherein the wheels aremounted to the lower platform.
 16. A mobile sterilization systemaccording to claim 15 wherein the wheels comprise shock absorbingsprings.
 17. A mobile sterilization system according to claim 14 whereinthe vertical risers are formed in a telescoping configuration andresilient springs are disposed around or inside of the telescopingvertical risers.
 18. A mobile sterilization system according to claim 1wherein the lower support structure comprises a scissor lift system suchthat said upper platform may be raised or lowered with respect to afloor.
 19. A mobile sterilization system according to claim 18 whereinthe wheels are mounted to the scissor lift system.
 20. A mobilesterilization system according to claim 18 wherein the scissor liftsystem comprises an upper end and a lower end, wherein the upper end isconnected to the upper platform of the transfer cart and the lower endis connected to a lower platform, and further wherein the wheels aremounted to the lower platform.
 21. A mobile sterilization systemaccording to claim 15 comprising a dead man's control whereby the wheelsare prevented from moving unless the dead man's control is actuated. 22.A mobile sterilization system according to claim 15 comprising a powerassist mechanism whereby the wheels are driven by a power source so asto assist a user in moving the mobile sterilization system.
 23. A mobilesterilization system according to claim 1 wherein the transfer cartcomprises a male component formed at one end of the transfer cart and afemale component formed at an opposite end of the transfer cart so thatthe transfer cart may be linked to a second transfer cart.
 24. A mobilesterilization system according to claim 23 wherein the male componentand the female component are configured to fold away when not in use.25. A mobile sterilization system according to claim 1 furthercomprising a locating feature.
 26. A mobile sterilization systemaccording to claim 1 wherein the system is provided with an electroniccontrol system.
 27. Apparatus for holding equipment to be sterilizedand/or for storing sterilized equipment, the apparatus comprising: abottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back panel and a doorconfigured so as to define an interior chamber; a plurality of castersor wheels mounted to the bottom panel; a plurality of perforationsformed in at least one of the bottom panel, top panel, two side panelsand back panel; at least one filter configured to cover said pluralityof perforations; and a drain formed in said bottom panel.
 28. Apparatusaccording to claim 27 wherein the bottom panel is sloped towards thedrain.
 29. Apparatus according to claim 27 wherein the drain isconfigured to open and close as a function of at least one from thegroup consisting of temperature, pressure and time.
 30. Apparatusaccording to claim 27 wherein the drain comprises a filter. 31.Apparatus according to claim 30 wherein a grate is disposed over thedrain, wherein the filter is disposed over the grate, and furtherwherein the filter is held in place by a perforated door.
 32. Apparatusfor holding equipment to be sterilized and/or for storing sterilizedequipment, the apparatus comprising: a bottom panel, a top panel, twoside panels, a back panel and a door configured so as to define aninterior chamber; a plurality of casters or wheels mounted to the bottompanel; a plurality of perforations formed in at least one of the bottompanel, top panel, two side panels and back panel; and at least onefilter configured to cover said plurality of perforations; wherein atleast one of the bottom panel, top panel, two side panels, back paneland door comprise a see-through material.
 33. Apparatus for holdingequipment to be sterilized and/or for storing sterilized equipment, theapparatus comprising: a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, aback panel and a door configured so as to define an interior chamber; aplurality of casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel; a pluralityof perforations formed in at least one of the bottom panel, top panel,two side panels and back panel; at least one filter configured to coverthe plurality of perforations; and at least one filter port forreceiving the filter, wherein the filter port comprises a pair of railspositioned along a periphery of the plurality of perforations, the railsbeing sized and disposed so as to slidably receive the filter andposition the filter over the perforation.
 34. Apparatus according toclaim 33 wherein the filter is held in the filter port by a locking bar.35. Apparatus for holding equipment to be sterilized and/or for storingsterilized equipment, the apparatus comprising: a bottom panel, a toppanel, two side panels, a back panel and a door configured so as todefine an interior chamber; a plurality of casters or wheels mounted tothe bottom panel; a plurality of perforations formed in at least one ofthe bottom panel, top panel, two side panels and back panel; a filterconfigured to cover the plurality of perforations; and a perforatedfilter plate for securing the filter over the plurality of perforations.36. Apparatus according to claim 35 wherein the plurality ofperforations collectively form at least one circular portal, and theperforated filter plate comprises a circular perforated filter plate forattaching a filter to the circular portal.
 37. A method of manufacturingan apparatus for holding equipment to be sterilized and/or for storingsterilized equipment, the method comprising: providing a bottom panel, atop panel, a left side panel, a right side panel, a back panel and adoor; securing the bottom panel, the top panel, the left side panel, theright side panel and the back panel together with a seal therebetween soas to form a rectangular chamber having an opening for receiving theequipment to be sterilized; and mounting a door to at least one of thebottom panel, top panel, right side panel and left side panel so as toclose off the chamber.
 38. A method according to claim 37 wherein themethod further comprises providing a rectangular internal frame, whereinthe bottom panel, top panel, left side panel, right side panel and backpanel are secured together by securing the bottom panel, top panel, leftside panel, right side panel, left side panel and back panel to therectangular internal frame.
 39. Apparatus for holding equipment to besterilized and/or for storing sterilized equipment, the apparatuscomprising: a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back paneland a door configured so as to define an interior chamber; a pluralityof casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel; a plurality ofperforations formed in at least one of the bottom panel, top panel, sidepanels and back panel; a filter configured to cover the plurality ofperforations; and a temperature indicator for indicating the temperatureof the interior chamber.
 40. Apparatus for holding equipment to besterilized and/or for storing sterilized equipment, the apparatuscomprising: a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back paneland a door configured so as to define an interior chamber; a pluralityof casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel; a plurality ofperforations formed in at least one of the bottom panel, top panel, sidepanels and back panel; a filter configured to cover the plurality ofperforations; wherein the interior chamber comprises at least twoindividual compartments within the interior chamber, and further whereineach individual compartment comprises perforations formed in a wall ofthe individual compartment and a filter configured to cover theperforations; and at least two doors, each door being configured toselectively close off one of the individual compartments.
 41. A methodfor sterilizing medical instruments, the method comprising: providing amobile sterilization system comprising: a sterilization cabinet, thesterilization cabinet comprising: a cabinet bottom, a cabinet top,cabinet side walls, a cabinet back wall and a door configured so as todefine an interior chamber; perforations formed in at least one of thecabinet bottom, cabinet top and cabinet side walls; and at least onefilter configured to cover said perforations; and a transfer cart, thetransfer cart comprising: an upper platform for receiving asterilization cabinet; and a lower support structure for supporting theupper platform and for receiving wheels; wherein the sterilizationcabinet is received on the transfer cart; positioning the medicalinstruments to be sterilized in the sterilization cabinet; andsterilizing the medical instruments.
 42. A mobile sterilization systemcomprising: a sterilization cabinet, the sterilization cabinetcomprising: a bottom panel, a top panel, two side panels, a back paneland a door configured so as to define an interior chamber; a pluralityof casters or wheels mounted to the bottom panel; perforations formed inat least one of the bottom panel, top panel and two side panels; and atleast one filter configured to cover the perforations; and a transfercart, the transfer cart comprising: an upper platform for receiving asterilization cabinet, the upper platform comprising a pair of railingsadjustably mounted to the upper platform, and further comprisingadapters for releasably securing the transfer cart to a supportstructure; and a lower platform for supporting the upper platform andfor receiving wheels; wherein, when the pair of railings are secured tothe support structure using the adapters, the sterilization cabinet maybe transferred from the transfer cart to the support structure.
 43. Amobile sterilization system according to claim 42 wherein the supportstructure comprises an autoclave.
 44. A mobile sterilization systemaccording to claim 42 wherein the support structure comprises a dockingstation.
 45. Apparatus for transporting a container along a surface, theapparatus comprising: an upper platform for receiving the container,wherein the upper platform comprises a locking mechanism for releasablysecuring the container to the upper platform; and a support structurefor supporting the upper platform, the support structure comprisingwheels for moving the support structure along the surface; wherein thesupport structure is configured to raise and lower the upper platformrelative to the surface.
 46. A filter cartridge for use in asterilization cabinet, the filter cartridge comprising: a frame; and atleast one filter held by the frame; wherein at least a portion of thefilter cartridge is configured to change color to indicate a status ofthe filter cartridge.
 47. Apparatus comprising: a docking station forreceiving a sterilization cabinet, the docking station comprising: aframe; a first platform mounted to the frame for receiving asterilization cabinet; a second platform mounted to the frame forreceiving additional items to be sterilized; and a plurality of castersor wheels mounted to the frame for permitting the docking station to bemoved along a surface; wherein the docking station is sterilizable; andwherein the docking station comprises a locking feature for locking atransfer cart carrying a sterilization cabinet to the frame while thesterilization cabinet is moved from the transfer cart to the dockingstation.
 48. Apparatus according to claim 47 further comprising: asterilization cabinet, the sterilization cabinet comprising: a bottompanel, a top panel, two side panels, a back panel and a door configuredso as to define an interior chamber; a plurality of casters or wheelsmounted to the bottom panel; perforations formed in at least one of thebottom panel, top panel and two side panels; and at least one filterconfigured to cover the perforations.